Ravenna’s Early Mosaics

The Emperor Justinian I
The Emperor Justinian I

The Emperor Honorius, son of Theodosius I, moved the capital from Milan to Ravenna in 402; in the words of Edward Gibbon, to remove himself from the tribulations of the risky business of being Emperor, with Ravenna more or less impregnable and quite out of the way of the primary activities of empire during a period of turmoil. Furthermore, for the barbarian generals, having the emperor out of the way, meant they would have a far freer hand in their military activities. Seemingly, this was an arrangement suitable both for emperor and general, but in reality was another symptom of the continued decline of the Western Empire. Continue reading “Ravenna’s Early Mosaics”

Biennale, Venice, 2013

The Biennale in Venice is one of the world’s premiere modern art exhibitions. It occurs every two years, where each participating country has a pavilion (or space in the larger pavilion), showcasing one or more artists in a curated exhibit for the duration of the festival. The show runs for about 4-5 months, every two years, and has pavilions in 2 large parks, The Giardini and The Arsenale, as well as a collection of satellite spaces around the city. It has been running since 1895, and has seen some remarkable exhibits during its history. It is presented as the equivalent of the “Olympics of Modern Art”, allowing each country to promote their best (either local artists or a chosen theme). It is a huge event, and with the most engaging of the pavilions, you want to linger and appreciate what is presented, so really, to see it properly you need days. So, this is just a few exhibits, mainly from the pavilions in The Giardini, which we visited on two afternoons. For a full listing of the artists, curators and managers of the exhibits, please see the Venice Biennale’s web site. Continue reading “Biennale, Venice, 2013”